Children deprived of parental or family care constitute a particularly vulnerable group because the loss, absence, incapacity, or inadequacy of the family environment may expose them simultaneously to legal, social, educational, and psychological risks. In Algerian legal and social discourse, this category is often associated with the notion of assisted childhood; in contemporary international legal terminology, the expressions children deprived of family care and children in alternative care are more precise. This article examines the legal protection afforded to these children, with particular attention to Algerian law, Law No. 15-12 of 15 July 2015 relating to child protection, the Family Code rules on kafala, and the institutional mechanisms created for child protection. The analysis also situates Algerian law within the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, and the United Nations Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children. The article argues that the best interests of the child, prevention of unnecessary separation, family-based alternative care, judicial and administrative oversight, continuity of identity, and preparation for social integration should form a coherent legal system rather than isolated protective measures. It concludes that the Algerian framework contains important guarantees, but effective protection depends on clearer coordination, periodic review of placements, individualized care plans, stronger support for kafala and foster-type solutions, and structured transition assistance for young people leaving care.