This research paper provides a comprehensive critical analysis of the multidimensional dynamics, structural determinants, and long-term consequences of digital transformation in Third World societies. These societies include developing economies and emerging markets of the Global South. The analysis is positioned at the intersection of critical political economy, technological determinism, and World-Systems Theory. It examines a fundamental paradox of contemporary digital integration. Technological adoption may serve as a sovereign catalyst for socio-economic modernization, structural leapfrogging, and democratization. It may also function as an insidious structural mechanism that reproduces new forms of "digital colonialism" and techno-economic dependency. The study synthesizes empirical indicators, policy directives, and institutional datasets published between 2024 and 2026 by major international organizations. These include the World Bank, UNCTAD, IMF, ITU, UNESCO, and the African Union. The analysis maps the manifestation of the "Double Digital Divide." It moves beyond traditional frameworks that focus only on hardware access. It also examines deeply entrenched disparities in digital capabilities, algorithmic biases, and structural vulnerabilities in developing nations. In addition, the study compares distinct national models, including Kenya's mobile financial architecture (M-Pesa), India's Public Digital Infrastructure (India Stack), and Brazil's regulatory data frameworks (Pix and LGPD). This comparative analysis evaluates the efficacy of state-led intervention versus market-driven technology adoption. The findings indicate that digital platforms can drastically expand financial inclusion and reduce transactional friction in informal economies. However, the uncritical import of proprietary foreign technology stacks exposes developing societies to data extraction, cloud dependency, surveillance capitalism, and severe ecological externalities. These externalities are linked to rare-earth extraction and e-waste dumping. The study concludes that meaningful, self-determined development in the Global South requires a shift from passive consumption of foreign technologies toward sovereign digital agency. This shift necessitates localized Public Digital Infrastructures, regional regulatory data coalitions, open-source AI architectures, and a strategic policy of "Digital Non-Alignment." These measures are intended to safeguard domestic data sovereignty and institutional autonomy in an increasingly fragmented digital world.