A petro-physical characterization study of the shelter’s rock of Azrou Imeyazen was performed for the first time. The diagnosis of forms of stone’s alterations shows that moisture, efflorescence, biodegradation ,cracking surface and graffitis are the most recurrent damage of the studied site. In this study, one sample was extracted from the rock art surface, was analyzed by X-Ray diffraction; the results highlight the presence of quartz, which means that is a pure sand stone, in addition, detailed thin section petrography provided better understand mineralogical on porosity and permeability, This study should allow the identification and the nature of the rock by providing useful information for conservators and restorers, who will have to conserve and maintain the rock art sites.