Awqaf, or Islamic endowments, constitute a longstanding institution of Islamic social finance with significant potential to contribute to social welfare and sustainable development. By preserving endowed assets and directing their benefits toward designated religious, educational, social, and economic purposes, Awqaf can generate long-term value for communities. However, the realization of this potential depends not only on the availability of endowed assets but also on the effectiveness of governance, accountability, transparency, institutional capacity, and asset-management practices. This study examines how governance frameworks can be integrated with the specific conditions of Awqaf endowments to enhance institutional performance and strengthen their contribution to sustainable development. The study adopts a conceptual and analytical approach based on an inductive review of relevant literature and documented practices concerning Awqaf governance. The analysis focuses on governance structures, the distribution of managerial and supervisory responsibilities, accountability and transparency, stakeholder participation, digital transformation, and the alignment of governance mechanisms with the characteristics of endowed assets. The analysis indicates that fragmented institutional responsibilities, insufficient disclosure, weaknesses in reporting and auditing, regulatory differences, limited managerial capacity, and inadequate stakeholder engagement can constrain the effective utilization of Awqaf assets. The study argues that a sustainable governance framework should combine Shariah principles with contemporary governance mechanisms while allowing institutional flexibility according to the nature and conditions of each endowment. The proposed approach emphasizes clear institutional roles, standardized reporting and auditing, professional capacity development, stakeholder participation, digital asset-management systems, and continuous performance evaluation. The study concludes that integrating governance requirements with endowment conditions can strengthen accountability, transparency, institutional efficiency, and the developmental contribution of Awqaf.