This article aims to highlight the roles and responsibilities assumed by the Umayyad branch at the emergence of Islam, after the establishment of the state of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and during the Rashidun Caliphate. It reviews the most important events that led Muawiya to the caliphate and to the establishment of the Umayyad state. It also presents the historical transformations and trajectories of the Umayyad branch before and after Islam, while emphasizing the principal roles played by this branch in early Islam up to its accession to the caliphate. The caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him) is regarded as the pivotal event that strengthened the influence of Banu Umayya and their aspiration to the caliphate. His martyrdom was also an important and decisive event in their pursuit of, and accession to, the caliphate after the intense conflict between Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with them both).