There is no doubt that translation is one of the means through which sciences and knowledge are transmitted. However, the person undertaking the translation process often encounters a number of difficulties, particularly those related, on the one hand, to the translational act and, on the other, to the reading act. This requires the translator to be more aware of his responsibility towards texts, especially literary ones, and to strive to preserve their integrity and convey them faithfully, without either influencing or being influenced by them. This article therefore seeks to examine the foundations of the translational act and the reading act, as well as what is required of the translator in the course of carrying out the translation process.