Children with special needs require enhanced legal protection because they experience overlapping vulnerabilities arising from both childhood and disability. International instruments have therefore recognized their fundamental rights and called for comprehensive systems of protection, care, inclusion, and support. Algeria has ratified several international conventions addressing these concerns and has adopted national legislation regulating the status and rights of persons with special needs, both directly and indirectly. The latest development is Law No. 25-01 of 20 February 2025, which establishes a specific legal framework for the protection and promotion of persons with special needs. This law recognizes a broad range of rights for children with special needs, including access to care, education, rehabilitation, social integration, and protection from abuse, neglect, discrimination, and exploitation. It also strengthens their legal safeguards through administrative mechanisms and criminal provisions, thereby reflecting Algeria’s commitment to translating international obligations into effective national protection for this vulnerable group.