Food security is essential to the stability of the state. Achieving it requires a careful assessment and full use of economic resources while taking the political and natural conditions of the region into account. This was also the case in the Islamic West. During the medieval period, food security in this region depended on diverse resources such as cereals, dates, and fish. Agriculture also developed through new techniques and innovations. However, the conditions and efforts involved in securing food differed between ordinary people and the wealthy. The types of food consumed also varied between times of prosperity and periods of hardship in the society of the Islamic West.