This study analyzes demographic and health transformations in Algeria using the results of the third (2006), fourth (2012-2013), and sixth (2019) rounds of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), together with earlier contraceptive-use series dating back to 1992. It adopts a comparative descriptive-analytical approach based on secondary analysis of published indicators and approximate estimation of the contraceptive index and postpartum infecundability index using Bongaarts' proximate determinants model. The findings show that contraceptive prevalence among married women declined from 61.4% in 2006 to 53.6% in 2019. Oral contraceptive pills accounted for about 87% of modern-method use. The contraceptive index (Cc) rose from 0.43 to about 0.50, indicating a weaker fertility-inhibiting effect. By contrast, the under-five mortality rate fell from 24.1 per 1,000 live births to 19 per 1,000. Births attended by skilled health personnel reached 98.8%. Caesarean deliveries rose to 24.8%, while exclusive breastfeeding remained below 30%. The analysis also shows that disparities across territorial programming areas, especially in the South and the High Plateaus, were wider than urban-rural differences. The study concludes that the fertility rebound during the 2010s was associated with a recovery in marriage and a weakening of the fertility-inhibiting effect of contraception. It recommends diversifying the family-planning method mix and strengthening territorial equity in health services.