Digital technology has become a central component of contemporary education and has transformed how knowledge is produced, delivered, accessed, and evaluated. Digital learning platforms, mobile devices, cloud services, multimedia resources, artificial intelligence, virtual and augmented reality, and learning analytics have expanded the possibilities of teaching and learning beyond the traditional classroom. This article examines the role of digital technology in education through a scientific review of its conceptual foundations, major applications, educational benefits, limitations, and future directions. Particular attention is given to learner engagement, personalized learning, teacher roles, assessment, inclusion, digital competence, and the growing influence of artificial intelligence. The analysis shows that technology can improve flexibility, access to information, collaboration, feedback, and instructional differentiation when it is integrated according to clear pedagogical objectives. However, technology alone does not guarantee educational improvement. Unequal access, insufficient teacher preparation, distraction, privacy concerns, cybersecurity risks, questionable information quality, and excessive dependence on digital systems can reduce its educational value. The article argues that successful digital transformation requires a human-centered and pedagogically informed approach in which technology supports rather than replaces meaningful interaction between teachers and learners. It concludes with recommendations for educational institutions, teachers, policy makers, and researchers seeking to develop inclusive, ethical, and sustainable digital learning environments.