Children deprived of adequate parental care constitute a particularly vulnerable population whose development is shaped by the interaction of early relationships, living conditions, social protection systems, and opportunities for stable family and community participation. In Algeria, the expression “children in assisted care” is commonly used in social and academic discourse to refer to children who require public or institutional protection because appropriate parental or family care is absent, interrupted, or insufficient. This article reviews the psychological, social, educational, and legal dimensions of alternative care, with particular attention to the Algerian child-protection framework. It discusses the developmental importance of stable attachment relationships, the potential risks associated with prolonged institutional placement, the protective role of high-quality caregiving, and the need for individualized psychosocial follow-up. The paper also examines family-based alternatives, social integration, preparation for independent living, and the role of multidisciplinary professionals. International evidence increasingly supports preventing unnecessary family separation and prioritizing safe family- and community-based care whenever this is consistent with the child’s best interests. Algeria’s Law No. 15-12 of 15 July 2015 provides an important framework for social, legal, and judicial child protection. The article concludes that effective care should move beyond the provision of accommodation and material assistance toward a rights-based, developmental, and relational model that promotes continuity of care, psychological security, education, participation, identity, and long-term social inclusion.